CharlieDill522,
Welcome to the Shopsmith Forum.
As JPG said with two belts and having an additional pulley setup is a Speed Changer. The picture below shows a Speed Changer in place mounted on the Way Tubes.
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- Speed Changer in place.jpg (88.63 KiB) Viewed 729 times
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This is a Model 10ER it is mounted on but note the Name Plate says Model ER. The actual reason for only ER is unknown but I believe rather than redesigning the plate when changing from the Model 10E to the 10ER, because of space, they used just ER. I have never seen an Owner's Guide with just Model ER but matching up the ER units to Owner's Guides they are 10ER manuals. Later the Name Plate was redesigned and says 10ER.
Below is a PDF of a manual for the Speed Changer which you may find helpful.
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In the manual notice the Screw Assembly (crank) is positioned away from the Headstock instead of how it is mounted in the picture above. Early Speed Changers came assembled like the one in my picture, but the crank handle can interfere with the Headstock's Way Tube Lock. Moving the Screw Assembly away from the Headstock corrects this and does not interfere with the belt when in low-speed range.
Lastly, I would recommend starting a thread of your own. That way information about your Shopsmith will be in one place.