That pix clearly shows the different eccentric versions.
The old eccentric has the set screw that presses against the idler shaft bearing(amodified water pump(well) bearing). The setscrew may have a point that centers the eccentric on a groove in the bearing. The top screw/washer prevents the eccentric from slipping out the end of the bore.
The new eccentric(like yours) does not have the set screw. The top screw and washer still acts to prevent the eccentric from slipping out the back, and the new screw(your broken one) prevents the newer idler shaft(regular bearings) from slipping from the eccentric bore.
The newer one is also split at the narrow wall.
P.S. A fender washer(large enough to catch both the eccentric and the bearing) will work with no drilling/tapping/screw removal..... <<<Nay! See below!
i.e. Top top one holds the eccentric in. and the newer one holds the bearing in. <<<< Not quite! See below!
P.S. those pix posted earlier would have made this much much simpler. We encourage pix as early as possible(like the bandsaw!).

P.P.S. The lock washer belongs under the nut, not the screw head. Yes my pix has it basackwards also.
Below: Almost correct. The eccentric would still need to be prevented from moving into the headstock. See post # 59 this thread.